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golden-against-nautilus

A golden spiral grows by φ⁴ = 6.854 per turn; measured nautilus sections give about 3.2. That is a factor of 2.14, not a rounding error.
A golden spiral and a nautilus spiral, drawn from their growth factorsA golden spiral grows by φ⁴ = 6.854 per turn; measured nautilus sections give about 3.2. That is a factor of 2.14, not a rounding error.golden — 6.85× per turnnautilus — 3.2× per turnsame construction, two factorsa factor of 2.14 apart

Drawn at its defaults, in shells and growth. It takes no options at all, so every essay calling it gets this exact drawing.

Called by 6 essays

the blast radius of changing it

Shells and growth

Growth as a rule

A logarithmic spiral is not a shape somebody admired. It is what a thing grows into when it adds material at its opening without changing shape, its one parameter is how much it grows per turn, and that parameter can be recovered from any drawn curve to the last digit.

Branching and transport

The cube law

A branching network built to move fluid for the least work obeys one relation at every junction — the cube of the parent radius equals the sum of the cubes of the daughters. It is a minimisation result, it is checkable on a real tree, and it is the rare biological rule with a derivation.

Branching and transport

Fitting the exponent

Assuming the exponent is three and reporting the error tells you how wrong the data is. Fitting the exponent and reporting what it comes out as tells you what the network is doing — and the machinery has to be shown returning something other than three, or it is not a fit.

Shells and growth

Raup's three numbers

Nearly every coiled shell that has ever existed is a point in a three-dimensional space — how fast the whorl expands, how far the opening sits from the axis, how far it travels along it. That is a remarkable compression, and the most useful line in the space is the one where the whorls come apart.

Shells and growth

The nautilus question

A golden spiral grows by 6.854 per turn. Measured nautilus sections give about 3.2. That is a factor of 2.14 — not a rounding error, not an artefact of where the centre is assumed to be, and not close.

What a plant might be doing

What a mechanism would have to show

This site says of every model it draws that reproducing a pattern is not explaining it. That is easy to repeat and hard to make precise. Here it is made precise — a list of what an account of phyllotaxis would have to establish, with each item marked according to whether the models on this site establish it.

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