Concept

Continued fraction — where it appears

4 essays name this object, across 3 fields. What follows is each of them, and the objects they name alongside it.
golden 137.51°55 and 89FibonacciLucas 99.50°47 and 76Lucas151.14°50 and 81neither77.96°37 and 60neithercounted from the pointsone sequence per branch

Fibonacci is a branch, not a law

Fibonacci counts come from one branch of the model. The Lucas branch — which the same rule reaches at a different growth rate — gives 47 and 76, and neither is a Fibonacci number. The sequence is a consequence of an angle rather than a property of plants.

wrong · fibbranch
00.2000.400100120140160divergence angle (°)resistance to rational approximation (higher is more irrational)1/√5 — the bound137.508° — 0.438938 angles on a 0.08° grid, plus the golden angle exactlythis claim is sharp

The claim that survives

Of the three famous assertions about this subject, one is out by a factor of two, one is true of a branch rather than of plants, and one is right — in a sharper form than the version usually told, and about arithmetic rather than about packing.

wrong · hurwitz
0255075406080fraction of the head's radiusparastichy numbers found in a band there1000 primordia at the golden angle4 different pairs

The counts change with radius

The same head gives 13 and 21 near the centre, 21 and 34 further out, 34 and 55 beyond that, and 55 and 89 at the rim. The transitions are at computable radii, and a photograph captioned with one pair is a statement about one annulus rather than about a flower.

lattices · transitions
0.2500.5000.75011.25-2.50-2-1.50-1-0.500log₁₀ of the rise between nodes (falling to the right is the plant growing)log₁₀ of the larger parastichy number2/33/55/88/1313/21500 rises, shortest vectors recomputed at eachratio 0.3820 against 1/φ² = 0.3820

The Fibonacci ladder

Lower the rise on a cylinder and the parastichy pair climbs — 1 and 2, then 2 and 3, then 3 and 5 — each rung the sum of the two before it. Nothing in the arithmetic mentions Fibonacci, the transitions sit at computable rises, and consecutive ones stand in the ratio 1/φ².

cylinder · ladder

Named alongside it

The objects these essays reach for when they reach for this one.

FibonacciBranchConvergentsDivergence angleφ, the golden ratioRiseTransitionsAnnulusApproximationAttractorClaim testingContinued fraction convergent

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