Field

What a plant might be doing

Turing's last work was on this, and it was unpublished when he died: a ring of cells, two diffusing substances, and a spacing that selects itself. The modern account uses auxin and a pump that works uphill. Both are made to predict a number and then to produce it.
-0.075-0.050-0.02500.025510152025number of peaks around the ringgrowth rate of that mode8 counted8 predictedDₐ = 0.000008, D_h = 0.00064predicted 8, counted 8

Turing's last problem

Turing's final work was on phyllotaxis and it was unpublished when he died. Its core is a ring of cells and two diffusing substances, and the thing it does is select a number of peaks — which can be predicted from the equations before anything is integrated, and then counted from what the integration produces.

137.5°disorder 3177°8 peaksdisorder 747°8 peaksdisorder 11109°7 peaksdisorder 19151°7 peaksdisorder 2347°7 peaksdisorder 31133°8 peaksthe angle a spiral would need to repeatsix runs, identical equationsspread 129°

A ring cannot make a spiral

The peaks on a Turing ring do not all appear at once — there is a first and a second. But which two lead is decided by the starting disorder, so the angle between them comes out at 177°, then 47°, then 109°, then 151°. A divergence angle is a relationship that repeats, and this one does not.

10 peaks48 cells, transport up the gradient10 peaks, contrast 93%

A pump that works uphill

The mechanism that actually has molecular support behind it does not use a diffusing inhibitor at all. Cells move auxin towards whichever neighbour already has more of it, which is the opposite of what transport is supposed to do — and it produces a spacing from a field that started uniform to within six per cent.

120° — a third of a turn3 and 6 — whorled137.51°2 and 3 — Fibonaccirise 0.055 in both panelsthe counts decide, not the eye

What a mechanism would have to show

This site says of every model it draws that reproducing a pattern is not explaining it. That is easy to repeat and hard to make precise. Here it is made precise — a list of what an account of phyllotaxis would have to establish, with each item marked according to whether the models on this site establish it.

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